# Trigger families

All 34 event families, the 7 buying states that no topic catalog names, and 222 named regulations and standards that can set a deadline. Use the event words to
recognise a family in a quote, a headline or a job post. "Buyers said it came first" counts the markets
(of 24 researched) where a real buyer, in public, said this event came before they bought. Families with
no count are real events but have no buyer proof yet: treat them as a message angle, not a reason to call.

## Part A: buying states (check these first, they carry the most proof)

| State | What it looks like | Cheapest place to see it | Buyers said it came first |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Growth outgrows the tool** | volume doubles; "the spreadsheet that worked at half the size"; hiring many people for one manual job | job posts (several openings for the same ops role), the company's own blog or press | 8 markets |
| **Incumbent vendor disruption** | the current vendor is acquired, raises prices, sunsets a product, has outages | the vendor's end-of-life or pricing page, review sites, community forums | 7 markets |
| **Fragmented or manual systems** | "five tools that don't talk", copy-paste between systems, paper processes | job posts ("reconcile data across", "manual"), reviews written by staff | 4 markets |
| **Regulation takes effect** | a new rule with an effective date that applies to every company in the segment | the regulator's own site, industry press | 3 markets |
| **Contract or renewal coming up** | public tender, RFP, contract end date, "replacing X after our contract ends" | public procurement portals (public sector), job posts naming the incumbent tool | 5 markets |
| **Key hire with a buying mandate** | a new role whose post says "evaluate, select and implement" a tool | ATS job boards (Greenhouse, Lever, Ashby, Workable) | 1 of 7 markets confirmed |
| **New leader** | a new exec in the seat that owns the budget, first 90 days | company press, LinkedIn announcements (company page) | 1 market |

## Part B: the 34 event families

| # | Family | Event words | What it means | Cheapest place to see it | Buyers said it came first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Migration / modernization / consolidation | migration, modernization, consolidation, deployment, conversion, replatforming, implementation, repatriation, update | the company is moving or rebuilding a platform | job posts, engineering blog, case studies | 5 markets |
| 2 | Litigation / arbitration / dispute | litigation, arbitration, dispute, lawsuit, appeal, class action, defect, infringement, injunction, lien, mediation, sanction, trial | the company is in a legal fight | court dockets, news | none yet |
| 3 | Fraud / theft / chargeback | fraud, theft, chargeback, skimming, decline | payment, identity or transaction fraud hits them or their customers | news, earnings calls, job posts for fraud roles | none yet |
| 4 | Audit / review / penalty | audit, review, clawback, penalty | a financial, tax or compliance audit or a finding against them | regulator databases, filings, news | 7 markets |
| 5 | Sale / merger / M&A | sale, M&A, merger, due diligence, exit, acquisition, buyout, carve-out, divestiture, integration | buying, merging with, selling or carving out a business | press releases, news, filings | 10 markets |
| 6 | Outsourcing / offshoring | outsourcing, outsourced, insourcing, nearshoring, offshoring | moving work to or back from outside providers | news, job posts in new locations | none yet |
| 7 | Attack / incident / breach | attack, incident, breach, ransomware, compromise, DDoS, exfiltration, hack, takeover | a cyber attack or security incident | status pages, breach notices, news | software and security buyers only |
| 8 | Repair / replacement / upgrade | repair, replacement, upgrade, retrofit, installation, refit, renovation, fit-out | works on buildings, plant or equipment (or replacing a core system) | permits, tenders, news | none yet |
| 9 | Transformation / transition / change | transformation, transition, change | a company-wide business or digital change program | annual reports, exec interviews, job posts | none yet |
| 10 | Fundraising / offering / recapitalization | offering, fundraising, IPO, recapitalization, refinancing, buyback, financing, investment, securitization | raising, returning or restructuring capital | funding news, filings | 0 markets (no buyer said funding came first) |
| 11 | Bankruptcy / restructuring / insolvency | bankruptcy, restructuring, insolvency, reorganization, turnaround, foreclosure, workout | financial distress | court filings, news | treat as a hold, not a trigger |
| 12 | Damage / fire / flood | damage, fire, flood, casualty, wildfire, piracy | physical damage to property, plant or cargo | news, insurance and weather reports | none yet |
| 13 | Inspection | inspection | safety, quality or regulatory inspection | regulator inspection databases | counted under audit (7) |
| 14 | Disaster / failure / downtime | disaster, failure, crash, downtime, outage, data loss | systems or equipment going down, and recovery planning | status pages, news, social posts | none yet |
| 15 | Conference / event | conference, event, hackathon, webinar, retreat | the company runs or attends an event | event sites, speaker pages | none yet |
| 16 | Expansion / relocation / move | expansion, relocation, move | new sites, states, countries or offices | press, job posts in new locations, permits | 8 markets |
| 17 | Investigation / bribery / whistleblowing | investigation, bribery, diversion, whistleblowing | a regulator or internal investigation | news, regulator releases | none yet |
| 18 | Assessment / request | assessment, request | a formal assessment or request for information | tenders, regulator notices | none yet |
| 19 | Claim / default / denial | claim, default, denial | insurance or payment claims, loan defaults, denied claims | news, filings | none yet |
| 20 | Shortage / overstocking / rationalization | shortage, overstocking, rationalization | supply problems or cutting the product range | earnings calls, news | none yet |
| 21 | Renewal / cancellation / RFP | renewal, cancellation, negotiation, RFP | a contract is up for renewal, cancelled or out for tender | procurement portals, job posts naming the incumbent | 5 markets |
| 22 | Reduction / layoff / downsizing | reduction, termination, downsizing, layoff | headcount or cost cuts | layoff trackers, news, WARN notices | treat as a hold, not a trigger |
| 23 | Contamination / cleanup / spill | contamination, cleanup, spill | environmental incidents | environmental regulator databases, news | none yet |
| 24 | Accident / injury | accident, injury, death | workplace or product safety incidents | safety regulator databases, news | none yet |
| 25 | Accreditation / approval / clearance | accreditation, approval, clearance, registration | getting certified, licensed or cleared | regulator registers, press | none yet |
| 26 | Attrition / burnout / turnover | attrition, burnout, interview, turnover | people leaving or struggling to hire | review sites, many reposted job posts | none yet |
| 27 | Launch / rebranding | launch, introduction, rebranding | a new product, line or brand | press, product pages | 1 market |
| 28 | Close / write-off | close, write off | closing sites or writing off assets | filings, news | none yet |
| 29 | Enrollment | enrollment | an enrollment period (benefits, education, health plans) | calendars, sector press | none yet |
| 30 | Bargaining / grievance / stoppage | bargaining, grievance, stoppage | union negotiations or strikes | news, union sites | none yet |
| 31 | Promotion / succession | promotion, demotion, succession | leadership changes and succession | press, company pages | 1 market (as a new leader) |
| 32 | Onshoring / reshoring | onshoring, reshoring | bringing production or work back home | news, job posts in home country | none yet |
| 33 | Trade fair | fair | the company exhibits at a trade fair | fair exhibitor pages | none yet |
| 34 | Recall | recall | a product recall | recall databases (FDA, NHTSA, EU Safety Gate) | market-specific |

## How to read the proof column

- Strongest across markets: M&A (10), expansion (8), growth outgrows the tool (8), vendor disruption (7),
  audit or inspection (7), renewal or RFP (5), migration (5).
- Generic company events (funding, a launch, a headline) happen to about half of all companies within 9
  months. They make good message openers but don't separate buyers from everyone else. Pick accounts by
  fit, then use the event to time and word the message.
- Layoffs, restructuring and bankruptcy mostly pause buying. Read them as "wait".

## Part C: regulations and standards that can set a deadline

A rule with an effective date is a trigger for every company it covers, all at once. Use this list to spot
rules that touch the user's market. The list holds names only: always check the current status and date at
the regulator's own site before you rank one, because dates move and rules get suspended.

**Finance, accounting and tax** (27): ASC 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers; Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI); Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS); Basel III; Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism; Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive; Digital Market Act (DMA); Employee Retention Credit (ERC); Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA); General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR); Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP); German Supply Chain Act; Global Minimum Corporate Tax (GMCT); Internal Revenue Code Section 179; International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); Legal Electronic Data Exchange Standard (LEDES); Making Tax Digital (MTD); MORE Act (Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act); OECD Pillar Two; Opportunity Zones (OZs); Peppol; Pillar Two Compliance; SAF-T (Standard Audit File for Tax); Sarbanes Oxley Compliance (SOX); Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA); Uncleared Margin Rules; Universal Service Fund (USF)

**Banking, payments and insurance** (20): Bank Secrecy Act (BSA); Basel II; COBRA (Health Insurance Continuation); Community Reinvestment Act (CRA); Dodd-Frank Act Compliance; Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA); Excessive Fraud Merchant (EFM) Compliance Program; Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA); Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA); Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA); Fourth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive; Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA); Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS); Payment Application Data Security Standard (PA-DSS); PSD2; SAFER Act (Secure And Fair Enforcement Regulation Banking Act); Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA); Solvency II Directive 2009; Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP); Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC)

**Health and life sciences** (12): Certified Community BH Clinic (CCBHC); Good Clinical Practice (GCP); Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP); Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points; HITRUST; Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS); ICD-10; Meaningful Use; Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS); Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP); Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE); Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

**Data, privacy and security** (21): ASD Essential 8; Australian Privacy Principals (APPs); CAN-SPAM; Common Criteria (CC); CPS 234; Cyber Maturity Model Certification (CMMC); Cyber Resilience Act (CRA); eIDAS; Fast Identity Online (FIDO); FIDO2; IEC 61850; IEC 62304; Infosec Registered Assessors Program; ISO 13485:2016; ISO 27017; ISO 27018; ISO/IEC 27001:2013; NIS2; PCI Compliance; SOC 2; Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

**Employment and HR** (13): Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA); Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA); California Family Rights Act (CFRA); California Pregnancy Disability Leave; Disabilities (ADA); E-Verify; EU Pay Transparency Directive; Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA); Leave of Absence (FMLA); Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; Optional Practical Training (OPT); The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938; Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

**Consumer protection** (15): Bill C-27 (Digital Charter Implementation Act); California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (CA AADC); California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA); Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA); Colorado Privacy Act (CPA); Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA); Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA); General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act; Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA); SHIELD Act; Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA); Truth In Lending Act (TILA); Utah Consumer Privacy Act (UCPA); Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA)

**Legal, contracts and IP** (12): Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD); Alyssa's Law; Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA); Equal Credit Opportunity Act; European Accessibility Act; False Claims Act; ISO/IEC 42001; Legge Stanca; Military Service (USERRA); PROTECT IP Act (PIPA); Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation; Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations (TUPE)

**Energy, environment, building and operations** (6): Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII); IEEE 519 Standard For Harmonic Control In Electric Power Systems; ISO 9001; Leadership In Energy and Environmental Design (LEED); NYC Zoning; Unique Device Identifier (UDI)

**Government and public programs** (16): Affordable Care Act (ACA); CARES Act; Conditions of Participation (CoPs); Congressional Review Act (CRA); Drug Quality and Security Act; Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS); Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA); Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP); Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA); Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA); Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA); Health Information Privacy (HIPAA); Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act); HIPAA Compliance; Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA); Sunshine Act

**General compliance and standards** (80): ADA Compliance Services; Affordable Care Act; American Data Privacy and Protection Act; Belt and Road Initiative; BSA Compliance; California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA); California Proposition 65; California Rule 21; Canadian Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL); CE Conformity; China Cyber Security Law; China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS); CHIPS and Science Act; CJIS Compliance; Climate Now Solutions Act; Common Reporting Standard (CRS); Corporate Transparency Act (CTA); COSO Framework; Cost Accounting Standards (CAS); Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT); Cyber Essentials (CE); Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA); DIN EN 62061; E-rate; Emergency Housing Voucher (EHV) Program; Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI); EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR); EU REACH; F-gas Regulation; Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA); FCPA Compliance; FISMA; FRCP 37(e); Freedom of Information Act (FOIA); IATF 16949:2016; IMO 2020; IMO Polar Code; In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR); Inflation Reduction Act; International Energy Conservation Code; ISA-88; ISO 13849-1; ISO 14001:2015; ISO 22000:2018; ISO 22301:2019; ISO 31030; ISO 45001:2018; ISO 50001:2018; ISO/IEC 20000-1:2018; ISO20022; Low Carbon Fuel Standard; Machinery Directive; Maritime Labour Convention; Medical Device Regulations (MDR); NERC CIP Compliance; Net Metering 3.0; NFPA 70B; POPs Regulation; Production Tax Credit (PTC); Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI); Regulation S-P; Renewable Fuel Standard; Responsible Recycling (R2); Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS); Section 385; SECURE 2.0; Service Organization Controls (SOC); SOC 1; SOC II Compliance; Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW); StateRAMP; Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA); Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD); Telemarketing Sales Rule; Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) Compliance; Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); UL 1741; USA PATRIOT Act; Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA); Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)